Seven Great Feasts

4/8/2005

Jewish Calendar

Holiday

Explanation

2004-5 (5765)

2005-6 (5766)

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish new year; celebrate creation; self-examination

Sep 16-17

Oct 4-5

Yom Kippur

Day of Atonement

Sep 25

Oct 13

Sukkot

Pilgrimage, harvest festivals

Sep 30-Oct 6

Oct 18-24

Shemini Atzeret

Beginning of raining season

Oct 7

Oct 25

Simchat Torah

Reading of the Torah

Oct 8

Oct 26

Chanukah

Jewish Maccabees’ military victory over Greek-Syrians

Dec 8-15

Dec 26-Jan 2

Tu B'Shvat

New Year of Trees

Jan 25

Feb 13

Purim

Remember how Esther saved the Jews of Persia

Mar 25

Mar 14

Pesach (Passover)

 

Apr 24-May 1

Apr 13-20

Holocaust Remembrance Day

 

May 6

Apr 25

Israel's Memorial Day

 

May 11

May 2

Israel's Independence Day

 

May 12

May 3

Lag B'Omer

Celebrated between Passover and Shavuot (on the 33rd day)

May 27

May 16

Shavuot

Conclusion of the Passover (49 days later)

Jun 13-14

Jun 2-3

Tisha B'Av (Ninth of Av)

Day of mourning over the destruction of the temples

Aug 14

Aug 3

 

Knowing and Understanding the Bible

-          Seven feasts during the year; Feasts divided into two groups – Nisan (~March/April) and Tishri (September/October~)

-          Purpose of feasts was to remind and instruct Israel as to what God had done, what He is doing, and what He would yet do for them.

-          Leviticus 23:1-3 refer to the Sabbath; not a feast or part of the ceremonial year, but a regular weekly observance.

 

The Seven Feasts

Divide group into 7 groups. Answer the following questions:

Q1: At what time of the year was the feast celebrated?

Q2: What was the purpose of the feast?

Q3: What activities were involved in the festival?

 

The Feast of Passover (Lev. 23:4, 5; Exo. 12:1-13)

Q1: 1st month of the year, 14th of Nisan.

Q2: Looked back at what God had done for Israel in delivering them from bondage. It imitated the last meal eaten by Israel before leaving Egypt.

Q3: Each family killed a lamb and sprinkled blood on the doorposts of their home. People stayed inside the home, roasted the lamb, and ate it without breaking a bone. Anyone who didn’t participate was to be “cut off from among his people.”


Feast of Unleavened Bread (Lev. 23:6-8; Exo. 12:31-36)

Q1: Began 15th of Nisan; lasted for 7 days.

Q2: Commemorated Israel’s coming out of Egypt. Normally yeast is used to make the dough rise while baking. The Israelites had to leave Egypt so early that they couldn’t wait for the bread to rise (unleavened bread).

Q3: Unleavened bread (without yeast) was eaten for 7 days, and they searched their homes to rid them of any leaven. The 1st and last days were sacred assemblies when no work was to be done.

 

Feast of Firstfruits (Lev. 23:9-14)

Q1: When the grain began to ripen; 16th day of Nisan, 2nd day of Feast of Unleavened Bread

Q2: Recognized Lord’s provision for daily life and looked forward to the full harvest.  Waiving of grain demonstrated blessing of the Lord. Harvest would not begin without offering first sheaf to God

Q3: Sheaves of barley from select fields were presented as wave offering to the Lord.

 

Feast of Wave Loaves, or Pentecost (Lev. 23:15-22, Deut. 16:9-12)

Q1: 50 days after the Feast of Firstfruits; lasted one day and signified the end of the wheat harvest. It was also called the Feast of Weeks, because it was observed 7 weeks and one day after wave offering of barley.

Q2: Show thankfulness for God’s blessings – like Thanksgiving Day

Q3: 2 loaves were waved before the Lord, one in each hand. This showed the full provision of the Lord.

 

Feast of Trumpets (Lev. 23:23-25; Num. 10:1-10)

Q1: Late September and early October; 4 months between Feast of Wave Loaves and Feast of Trumpets

Q2: 1st day of every month, silver trumpets were blown. In the 1st day of 7th month, the trumpets announced a special holy gathering, which were probably prelude to the Day of Atonement.

Q3: The feast was treated as a Sabbath – no work was to be done.

 

The Day of Atonement (Lev. 16; 23:26-32)

Q1: 10th day of 7th month

Q2: Day of sorrow and confession of sin; Israel’s annual cleansing from sin

Q3: The high priest went to the tabernacle with a bull and ram to sacrifice for his own sins and for the sins of his family. He also brought 2 goats and a ram, which were used on behalf of the people. The high priest alone carried out ritual, and it was the one day of the year when he went into the Holy of Holies. The 1st goat was sacrificed as a sin offering, and the sins of the nation were confessed on the head of the 2nd goat and released where it would not return.

 

Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. 23:33-44)

Q1: Also called Feast of Ingathering (Exo. 34:22); began 15th day of 7th month

Q2: At end of harvest, the people were relaxed and happy. It recalled the protection of the Lord during the wilderness wanderings.

Q3: During the 7 days, people stayed in tents or booths made of branches. Each family built a temporary structure called sukkah. The roof was made of slats put closely together for shade. The entire room was decorated with green branches, flowers, and fruit.

 

What the Feasts Accomplished

  1. A unifying force

For Passover, Wave Loaves, and Tabernacle, all males were required to go to Jerusalem to worship. People came from all sections of the kingdom, and this would have served to knit the tribes together.

  1. A commercial opportunity

People would have been able to exchange merchandise and share worship activities from respective areas.

  1. Communion and fellowship

Israel did not have a postal system, so they couldn’t correspond on a regular basis. These feasts gave them times of reunion and fellowship.

Have you ever received a blessing from attending a large conference?


What the Feasts Pictured

The feasts typify God’s plan of redemption.

  1. Christ our Passover

During the Passover a lamb was killed and its blood sprinkled on the doorposts of the house. Jesus Christ is the lamb of God which takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

18For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers, 19but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. 1 Pet. 1:18-19

  1. Putting away sin

7Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast–as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. 8Therefore let us keep the Festival, not with the old yeast, the yeast of malice and wickedness, but with bread without yeast, the bread of sincerity and truth. 1 Cor. 5:7-8

The Israelites’ eating dough without yeast symbolized getting rid of their sins. Paul teaches in 1 Corinthians that we who are born again are to break with the past life of sin and live new, holy lives for the Lord.

  1. Christ the resurrection firstfruits

20But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. 21For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. 22For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive. 23But each in his own turn: Christ, the firstfruits; then, when he comes, those who belong to him. 1 Corinthians 15:20-23

Since Jesus Christ arose, we will also live.

  1. Coming of the Holy Spirit

The Feast of Wave Loaves (Pentecost) took place 50 days after the Firstfruits. Similarly, 50 days after Christ’s resurrection, the Holy Spirit came.

  1. Return of Christ

The first 4 feasts held in the spring season, and the last 3 were in the fall. There was a time between the 4th and 5th festivals when the fruit and grain ripened and the harvest was gathered. After the coming of the Holy Spirit, we have been in a time of harvest. The next event on God’s redemptive calendar is the return of Christ (1 Cor. 15:51-52).

  1. Cleansing of Israel

The Day of Atonement found fulfillment in Calvary’s cross, where Jesus fully atoned for all of our sin. There is another fulfillment in Zechariah 13:1 where Israel recognizes Jesus as its true Messiah.

  1. Millennial and eternal blessing

The Feast of Tabernacles foreshadows the time when Israel will live safely in the Promised Land (Micah 4:4). This happens in the Millennium, when Jesus rules on the earth for a 1000 year period.

3And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Now the dwelling of God is with men, and he will live with them. They will be his people, and God himself will be with them and be their God. Rev. 21:3

 

God’s Calendar of Redemption

Passover

Calvary

Unleavened Bread

New Life

Firstfruits

Resurrection

Pentecost

Holy Spirit

 

Church Age

Trumpets

Rapture

Day of Atonement

Israel’s Renewal

Tabernacles

Millennium / Eternity

 

Applying the Bible

What two basic duties are we believers to accomplish as we wait for the Rapture?

Harvest souls and pursue a holy life